Chemical Name: 1,4-Butanediol
Synonyms: Tetramethylene Glycol, Butane-1,4-diol
CAS Number: 110-63-4
EC Number: 203-786-5
Recommended Use: Industrial chemical for manufacturing plastics, solvents, elastomers, and as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals
Supplier: Contact local distributor or manufacturer for information
Emergency Telephone Number: Refer to label or regional poison control hotline
Classification: Harmful if swallowed (Acute Tox. 4), Causes skin and eye irritation (Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Irrit. 2), May cause drowsiness or dizziness (STOT SE 3)
Label Elements: Signal Word – Warning; Hazard Pictograms – Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Hazard Statements: H302: Harmful if swallowed, H319: Causes serious eye irritation, H315: Causes skin irritation, H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing; Do not breathe vapors or mist; Wash hands thoroughly after handling; If in eyes: Rinse immediately with water for several minutes; Call poison center if unwell
Other Hazards: Slippery when spilled; Moderate fire risk
Substance: 1,4-Butanediol
Concentration: ≥ 99% by weight
Impurities: Water (<1%); Possible trace organic impurities depending on manufacturing process
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
Relevant Impurities: None that contribute to classification
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, support breathing as needed, seek medical attention for breathing difficulty
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected area with soap and water, seek medical advice if symptoms appear
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, seek immediate medical attention for persistent irritation
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting unless directed by medical personnel, provide water, call a poison center or physician immediately
Most Important Symptoms: Possible drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, abdominal discomfort, skin and eye irritation
Medical Attention: Show this sheet to physician, treat symptoms, monitor respiratory and neurological status
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: do not use high-pressure water jets directly on product
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, possibly other toxic fumes
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) as fumes may be hazardous
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Formation of combustible mixtures possible in air; May emit toxic vapors under fire conditions
Advice for Firefighters: Move containers away from fire area if safe to do so; Cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure buildup
Special Notes: Spilled product may create slip hazard and form combustible vapor-air mixtures at elevated temperatures
Personal Precautions: Wear protective gear (gloves, goggles); Avoid direct contact with substance and inhalation of vapors; Ensure adequate ventilation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or waterways; Notify authorities in event of significant release
Containment: Dike and absorb spill with inert absorbent material (sand, earth, vermiculite); Identify and eliminate leak source
Clean-Up Methods: Collect residue into suitable containers for disposal; Wash area with plenty of water to remove slippery residues; Dispose in accordance with local regulations
Decontamination: Rinse affected area thoroughly; Ventilate enclosed areas until air monitoring confirms safe levels
Reporting: Record details of incident according to workplace requirements
Safe Handling Advice: Use only with adequate ventilation; Avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with skin or eyes; Keep containers closed; Use grounding and bonding during product transfer
Avoid: Exposure to high heat sources, open flames, and incompatible chemicals (strong oxidizers, acids)
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated place; Keep container tightly sealed; Separate from food and incompatible materials
Packaging Materials: Store in original containers made of steel, polyethylene, or other resistant materials
Incompatible Storage: Do not store with strong acids or oxidizing agents; Avoid storing with sources of ignition
Occupational Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits; Minimize exposure as a precaution
Engineering Controls: Mechanical ventilation, local exhaust at points of emission, closed systems preferred in process use
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, chemical-resistant clothing
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirator if vapor or mist concentrations exceed recommended levels
Hygiene Measures: Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse; Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Environmental Controls: Prevent release to soil, sewage, or natural water courses
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Odor Threshold: Not available
pH: 7 (50 g/l, 20°C in water)
Boiling Point: 230°C (446°F)
Melting Point: 20.1°C (68.2°F)
Flash Point: 121°C (closed cup)
Flammability: Not considered highly flammable but can catch fire at elevated temperatures
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.6% (v/v) Upper: 12% (v/v)
Vapor Pressure: 0.08 hPa at 20°C
Vapor Density: 3.1 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 1.017 g/cm³ at 20°C
Water Solubility: Miscible in water
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): -0.46
Viscosity: 62.1 mPa.s at 20°C
Decomposition Temperature: >250°C
Evaporation Rate: Very low
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure
Reactive Hazards: May react with strong acids, oxidizing agents
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, exposure to incompatible substances
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers (nitric acid, peroxides), acids, alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, potentially irritating aldehydes at very high temperatures
Polymerization: Does not polymerize under recommended storage and handling conditions
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 1,525 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): >2,500 mg/kg
Acute Effects: Harmful if swallowed; May cause irritation to mouth, throat, and stomach; Possible drowsiness and dizziness
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure can cause skin dryness, dermatitis
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Moderate; repeated or prolonged exposure may cause cracking and redness
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe irritation
Respiratory Sensitization: Not classified
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: No evidence from available studies
Other Information: Possible effects on central nervous system with significant exposure; Use precaution with children and pregnant individuals
Aquatic Toxicity: Slightly toxic to aquatic organisms; EC50 (daphnia magna): 4,100 mg/l/48h; Fish LC50: >1,000 mg/l/96h
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable; Rapidly broken down by natural processes
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low; log Kow value indicates little potential for bioaccumulation
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile and soluble in water; Potential for contamination of groundwater in event of large spill
Other Adverse Effects: Large discharges may contribute to oxygen depletion in surface waters
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose as hazardous waste according to local, regional, or national regulations
Recommended Method: Incineration in approved facility; Residues and containers to be treated as hazardous material
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers should be disposed or reconditioned in accordance with regulations
Do Not: Dispose of in environment, waterways, or with household garbage
Special Notes: Contact licensed waste disposal contractor for volumes over typical laboratory or household scale
UN Number: UN 2810
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s. (contains 1,4-Butanediol)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substance)
Packing Group: III
Label: Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Not classified as a marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Ensure containers are closed and secured prior to transport; Follow regulations for container labeling and documentation
OSHA: Not regulated as a hazardous chemical under US OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA: Listed on US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
SARA Title III: Not listed as an extremely hazardous substance; no specific reportable quantity
EU Classification: Harmonized classification: Acute Tox. 4, Eye Irrit. 2, Skin Irrit. 2
REACH Status: Registered under EU REACH regulations
Other Regulations: Complies with GHS classification; Consult national and regional environmental, occupational, and transportation authorities for additional requirements
